Nanotechnology talks about widely to a field of science and the technology applied that subject of the unification is the control of the matter in the atomic and molecular scale, normally 1 to 100 nanometers, and to the manufacture of devices with the dimensions critics that lie with in that range of the size.
It is a highly multidisciplinary field, drawing of fields such as science of the applied physics, of material science, the interface and the colloid, physics of the device, the supramolecular chemistry (that refers the area of the chemistry that is centered in the non-covalent interactions of the molecule entailment), one same-folding the machines and robotics, chemical engineering, industrial engineering, biological engineering, and electrical engineering. Much speculation exists as far as what it can be from these lines of the investigation. Nanotechnology can be seen like extension of existing sciences in nanoscale, or like modification of existing sciences using newer, more modern term.
Two main approaches are used in nanotechnology. In the approach “bottom-up”, the materials and the devices are constructed of the molecular components that mount chemically by principles of the molecular recognition. In the approach “of above downwards”, the nano-objects are constructed of greater organizations without control of the atomic-level. The impetus for nanotechnology comes from an interest renewed in the science of the interface and the colloid, joined with a new generation of analytical tools such as atomic force microscope (AFM), and scanning tunneling microscope (STM). Combined with refined processes such as electron beam lithography and molecular beam epitaxy, these instruments allow the deliberate manipulation of nanostructures, and led to the observation of novel phenomena. The examples of nanotechnology in modern use are the manufacture of polymers based on the molecular structure, and the design of the dispositions of the shaving of computer based on superficial science Despite the great promise of numerous nanotechnologies such as quantum dots and nanotubes, real commercial applications have mostly used the advantages of colloidal nanoparticles in bulk form, such as suntan lotion, cosmetics, protective coatings, drug delivery, and stain resistant clothing.
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